Fog and pollution in winter reduce power generation capacity of rooftop solar panels

A decline in power generation from rooftop solar panels is observed during the winter season, primarily due to shorter daylight hours, lower intensity of sunlight, and fog covering the atmosphere. According to an NDTV report, this problem is particularly prevalent in regions of North India, where dense fog and rising pollution levels during the cold season obstruct sunlight from reaching the solar panels. While consumers rely on solar systems to manage their electricity bills, these factors hinder them from achieving expected results.

According to Rakesh Malhotra, founder of Livguard (SAR Group), significant seasonal variations in rooftop solar generation are observed in areas like Delhi-NCR in North India. He clarified that during winter days when sunlight is very limited, power generation can drop by up to 30 percent. Shorter days, low-intensity sunlight, fog, smog, and air pollution are primarily responsible for this decline. This impact depends on geographical location, local weather, and air quality.

On the other hand, experts believe regarding the efficiency of solar panels that cold temperatures alone are not detrimental to the panels. According to Vijay Menon, COO of Navitas Solar, solar panels generate electricity by absorbing sunlight, and cold temperatures can actually improve panel efficiency under similar sunlight conditions. Therefore, it is not correct to assume that solar generation drops sharply as soon as winter arrives. The real challenge is the amount of available sunlight and daylight hours. According to Menon, solar generation primarily depends on geographical location, weather patterns, and installation design.

Thus, despite the impact on solar panel performance in winter, it is not entirely dependent on temperature. Households with solar systems installed should plan their electricity consumption keeping these seasonal changes in mind. Dust particles accumulating on the panels due to fog and pollution also play a role in reducing production; therefore, cleaning the panels at the right time becomes necessary. Overall, the efficiency of solar panels in winter is determined by the availability of sunlight and atmospheric conditions.

Solar panel is a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells. This process uses silicon semiconductors, which release electrons upon exposure to sun rays, thereby generating an electric current. For years, this technology has been used for residential and commercial purposes to reduce electricity costs and obtain environment-friendly energy. Various government schemes are also in place in India to promote rooftop solar systems, aiming to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.