Experts warn Mughal-era heritage may be erased by restoration work at Malshahi Mosque

Experts have issued a serious warning regarding the conservation and restoration work of the 17th-century historic Malshahi Mosque located in the Ganderbal district of Kashmir. Conservationists believe that if the structure is tampered with, a significant layer of the Mughal era in Kashmir could be erased forever.

According to a report by The Hindu, Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah laid the foundation stone in May this year for the development and restoration of the Malshahi Mosque and Masjid Hamam at Malshahi Bagh, along with ancillary works, at an estimated cost of ₹5.01 crore. Since the commencement of this work, several changes have been observed at the site, including the laying of stone pavements. Experts have expressed concern over the current conservation plan.

According to landscape architect and historic conservation expert Jan Henraats, the importance of this mosque stems from its association with Akhund Mulla Shah and the Sufi order. Additionally, the relationship between Jahanara and Dara Shikoh with Mulla Shah, and the infrastructural support provided by them for Mulla Shah, holds significance here. Although this mosque is smaller in size compared to the Pathar Masjid in Nagar Nagar, Srinagar, and the Mulla Shah Mosque, its materials and position within the terrace gardens make it unique.

Built in the 17th century by Mughal Prince Dara Shikoh in the upper terrace gardens of Malshahi Bagh in Ganderbal, this mosque is one of the few buildings that have not undergone major alterations. Jan Henraats, author of the book 'Kashmir's Mughal Landscapes', stated that despite the site being in a ruined state, it still possesses much authentic material.

He further added that in many gardens where 'conservation' has been carried out, original materials have been removed or damaged. The Malshahi Mosque is significant due to its architectural plan, materials, and views of the Anchar pond. Despite significant damage over the years, interior details such as plasterwork still exist, which have now largely disappeared in Kashmir due to improper redevelopment practices.

According to experts, the importance of Mulla Shah Bagh lies not only in the mosque but in the integrity and authenticity of the entire garden, of which the mosque is merely one component. Various hydrological features, such as irrigation channels in the garden, also hold primary importance.

For the last 400 years, this site remained largely neglected, which allowed it to survive with more authenticity and integrity than the Mughal gardens that have become famous tourist spots. Jan Henraats has warned that funding-driven and hasty interventions could destroy everything that locals have preserved over 400 years. Stone pavements and facelifting works have already raised questions about the conservation plan. He emphasized that it is imperative to prepare a comprehensive conservation plan before initiating any major on-site project.

Jan Henraats was a Professor of Practice in the Preservation Studies Program at Boston University, Massachusetts, United States.